Key Findings of the Latest Global Carbon Budget

According to the latest report by the Global Carbon Project, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are projected to peak in 2025, driven largely by ongoing industrial activity, energy consumption, and deforestation in major economies. While developed nations have seen a plateau or modest decline in emissions due to energy transitions and efficiency measures, developing countries continue to experience rising emissions as they pursue economic growth. The report highlights that carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide remain the primary contributors to global warming, with energy production, transportation, and agriculture being the dominant sectors. The findings underline the urgency of immediate action to limit temperature rise to 1.5–2°C above pre-industrial levels.

India’s Climate Commitments & Emission Trajectory
India, as the world’s third-largest emitter, has consistently emphasized its developmental needs while committing to ambitious climate goals under the Paris Agreement. The country has pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070, increase non-fossil fuel capacity to 50% of its energy mix by 2030, and reduce the carbon intensity of its GDP by 45% relative to 2005 levels. Despite increasing energy demand and industrial expansion, India’s per-capita emissions remain significantly lower than the global average, highlighting the principle of “common but differentiated responsibility” in climate action. Analysts note that India’s trajectory must balance economic development with decarbonisation, particularly in sectors such as power generation, transport, and heavy industry.

Policy Measures, Challenges and Opportunity for India
To meet its climate commitments, India has adopted a mix of policy measures including promotion of renewable energy, energy efficiency standards, electric mobility, and carbon markets. The government is also investing in green hydrogen, battery storage, and afforestation projects to offset emissions. However, challenges remain, including dependency on coal for energy, financing constraints for green infrastructure, and technological gaps in emissions reduction.

At the same time, the global energy transition presents opportunities for India to become a leader in renewable technology, climate finance, and sustainable industrial practices. By accelerating clean energy adoption, improving regulatory frameworks, and fostering innovation, India can not only meet its climate targets but also position itself as a key player in the global low-carbon economy. Experts stress that integrating climate action with economic growth strategies will be central to India’s role in the post-2025 global emission scenario.